NASA鈥檚 Artemis 2 Mission Launches, Sending Humans Toward the Moon for the First Time in More Than 50 Years

For the first time in more than 50 years, humans have blasted off toward the moon.

Four astronauts aboard NASA鈥檚 Orion spacecraft launched on April 1 at 6:35 p.m. from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida for the highly anticipated , a ten-day trip in which they鈥檒l loop around Earth鈥檚 natural satellite. Although the crew won鈥檛 set foot on the moon, the journey will help the space agency prepare for Artemis 4, a mission planned for 2028 that鈥檚 expected to put people on the lunar surface for the first time since .

鈥淎rtemis 2 is the opening act鈥 for the rest of the program, NASA Administrator  said about half an hour before launch in a . 鈥淣o humans have ever flown on [Orion] before, right? And we鈥檙e going to put it through its paces.鈥

The spacecraft lifted off amid a breezy, sunny evening, followed by cheers and applause from onlookers in Florida.

鈥攑ropelled by the powerful  (SLS) rocket鈥攊s carrying NASA鈥檚 ,  and , along with the Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The foursome will orbit the Earth twice, then slingshot around the moon. You can track their journey in real time on .

On April 6, they鈥檒l see the far side of the moon from roughly 5,000 miles away. At that distance, the orb will appear similar in size to a basketball held at arm鈥檚 length, , NASA鈥檚 lead Artemis 2 flight director, said during a September . The crew, he added, will possibly travel 鈥渇arther past the moon than anyone鈥檚 gone before.鈥 The astronauts will get views of the lunar surface that .

map of Artemis 2 flight path
Artemis 2 flight path with checkpoints NASA

The launch follows a series of delays. Artemis 2鈥檚 launch window initially opened in early February, but it slid to March after emerged during a tanking test, and pushed it once more to April. The latter problem required the rocket and crew capsule to be from the launch pad to the vehicle assembly building (VAB) for repairs.

The team worked quickly to 鈥渢ransition from preparations for launch to preparations for rollback,鈥 , acting associate administrator for NASA鈥檚 Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, said during a February 27 , while the problematic pieces were being fixed. Experts had to 鈥渟treamline a plan for the work inside the VAB to give us the very best possible chance at a launch in the early April launch period.鈥

They succeeded.

When the astronauts reach the moon鈥檚 vicinity, they鈥檒l spend approximately  snapping photos and gathering data on the geology of the far side, such as impact craters and evidence of ancient lava flows. They鈥檒l even keep an eye out for potential landing sites for upcoming missions, , deputy associate administrator for NASA鈥檚 Science Mission Directorate, said during a science and technology  in September.

The crew members are also participating in several studies investigating space鈥檚 impacts on health. One experiment involves tissue samples from each of them in , which are aboard Orion and will help researchers investigate how may affect human organs. Additionally, each astronaut is wearing a  to track their sleep patterns, activity levels, interactions and well-being, and they鈥檒l lick special paper to collect , which can provide insights into how their  fare in space.

Ultimately, the knowledge gained about spaceflight technology, lunar geology and human health will help with the United States鈥 goals of establishing a long-term presence on the moon and eventually getting people to Mars.

The  program was formally established in 2017, when the Trump administration  NASA to return humans to the lunar surface, in the hopes of laying the foundation for reaching the Red Planet. The program鈥檚 first mission, , involved a 25-day uncrewed flight test of Orion and the SLS. It , after a multiyear delay.

Artemis 2鈥檚 timeline has also been stretched by several years; the mission was originally supposed to take place in . The postponement largely came as engineers worked to resolve problems with Orion that were revealed during Artemis 1. The first mission鈥檚 main goal was to show that the capsule鈥檚 heat shield would hold up during re-entry into the Earth鈥檚 atmosphere, which exposes the spacecraft to scorching temperatures up to 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But when researchers inspected the shield after splashdown, they found . During Artemis 2, Orion will to the planet鈥檚 surface, which NASA says will reduce the time spent in extreme temperatures and prevent the problem.

In February, NASA announced a , in which Artemis 3鈥攊nitially planned to land humans on the moon鈥檚 surface鈥攚ould become an intermediary mission to low-Earth orbit. It will test Orion鈥檚 capabilities for meeting up and docking with one or both lunar landers being developed by SpaceX and Blue Origin, which will ultimately carry astronauts from lunar orbit to the moon on a later mission. Artemis 3 is now slated for 2027.

If all goes to plan with the current mission and the new version of Artemis 3, the agency aims to attempt up to two crewed moon landings in 2028, and the first is expected to touch down near the orb鈥檚 . NASA plans to eventually launch Artemis missions and establish a  by the 2030s.