Arianespace Debuts Ariane 6 Heavy With Amazon Leo Deployment
KOUROU, French Guiana鈥擜rianespace achieved a double-first with the inaugural flight of the Ariane 64 launcher configuration and satellite deployment for its highest-profile commercial customer, Amazon.
The Ariane 6, sporting four rather than only two P120C boosters, took off from the European spaceport here at 11.45 a.m. EST on Feb. 12. It began deploying the 32 Amazon LEO satellites from the Beyond Gravity-furnished dispenser over a 20-min. period about 90 min. later. The satellites are due to operate in low Earth orbit at around 465 km (289 mi.).
鈥淎ll 32 Leo satellites are operating nominally in space,鈥 Amazon said a few hours after the flight.
The VA267 mission marked the sixth overall flight for an Ariane 6 and the first for the roughly 21.6-metric-ton payload capacity configuration that is more than double the 2-booster Ariane 62 version. The rocket featured a larger 20-m-tall fairing to accommodate the satellites.
鈥淚t was a highly complex mission, the first constellation, the first Ariane 64, the first commercial flight,鈥 Arianespace CEO David Cavaillol猫s told reporters. It was also the first nongovernmental Ariane 6 launch and one of seven-eight planned throughout 2026.
The flight from the Amazonian region and designated Leo Europe 1 by the customer was the first of 18 Amazon booked with Ariane 6 to build out its broadband satellite constellation that aims to rival SpaceX鈥檚 Starlink. It is Amazon鈥檚 eighth constellation deployment launch and first using a heavy rocket.
Amazon plans between four to five Ariane 64 launches this year and around 20 overall depending on launch cadence. The next launch should come soon, Cavaillol猫s said. 鈥淪tarting today, we鈥檒l prepare the next launch鈥 due before the summer.
With the launch, Amazon now has more than 200 satellites in orbit with a plan to deploy 3,232 spacecraft. It has spent more than $10 billion on the system and has launch commitments through early 2029, it has said.
If launches in the coming months run at pace, Amazon is looking to begin offering some service in the first half of the year. The U.S., Canada, UK, Germany and Argentina are among the early markets.
Still, the company late last month asked the U.S. Federal Communications Commission for schedule relief from a deadline of deploying around 1,618 satellites, or half of the original constellation size, before August 2026, projecting only 700 satellites deployed at the time.
Delays with launch vehicles, including Ariane 6, United Launch Alliance鈥檚 Atlas V and Blue Origin鈥檚 New Glenn, have contributed to delays to deploying Amazon Leo, the e-commerce giant argued, adding it completed only seven of 20 planned launches last year. It has asked for a 24-month extension of the interim deadline.
鈥淎mazon Leo鈥檚 scaled-up manufacturing capacity of up to 30 satellites per week and secured launch manifest of 102 launches from four providers demonstrate a confirmed ability to meet the required 1,618 satellites well before the proposed July 30, 2028, deadline,鈥 the company said, suggesting it would reach the ultimate deadline early.
It plans more than 30 launches in 2027 and beyond.
Despite the slower-than-planned initial rollout of Amazon Leo, the FCC approved the company to expand the current system and deploy its second-generation satellites. The FCC is allowing the company to increase the constellation size to more than 7,000 spacecraft and add spectrum. The approval also will add polar coverage to Amazon Leo, the company said Feb. 10.
That constellation expansion will drive demand for more launches. Cavaillol猫s would not comment on any talks with Amazon on further Ariane 6 orders. The customer feedback from the first mission was 鈥渉ighly positive,鈥 he said, adding 鈥渢his is very positive for the next steps.鈥
Arianespace plans to launch a more powerful Ariane 64 over the course of the year and into next, sporting more powerful P160C boosters and an upgraded upper-stage Vinci engine that, with some launcher optimization, will represent the Block 2 configuration capable of placing 24 metric tons of payload into LEO. The design, in part, was driven by Amazon Leo needs.